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Class 9 · History and Political Science · 10 Aug 2026
Which of the following policy changes in India's 1991 economic reforms directly aimed at reducing the role of the public sector in industrial production?
[1 mark]Match the following economic policy instruments with their respective domains:
[2 marks]| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Repo Rate | a. Monetary Policy |
| 2. GST Rates | b. Fiscal Policy |
| 3. Import Tariffs | c. Trade Policy |
| 4. Factory Licensing | d. Industrial Policy |
Answer: __________________________________________
Match the following 1991 reform pillars with their primary objective.
[2 marks]| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Liberalisation | a. Removal of unnecessary controls and licenses |
| 2. Privatisation | b. Disinvestment of public sector enterprises |
| 3. Globalisation | c. Reduction of import tariffs and removal of quotas |
Answer: __________________________________________
Foreign policy is essentially a systematic framework of guidelines and _____ designed to protect a nation's _____ interests in the global arena.
[2 marks]State the significance of 'national interest' in the context of defining foreign policy.
[1 mark]Justify why the exclusion of unpaid household labor and voluntary community work from Gross Domestic Product calculations is considered a structural shortcoming in feminist economic analysis.
[3 marks]List any two limitations of using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) alone as an indicator of human welfare and societal well-being in India.
[2 marks]Define the concept of 'Strategic Autonomy' as an objective of India's foreign policy.
[2 marks]Analyze why foreign policy is dynamic rather than static. Discuss with reference to changing global conditions.
[4 marks]The Union Government of India proposes an infrastructure spending increase of ₹2,50,000 crore in its annual budget. If the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) in the economy is 0.75, calculate the total increase in national income using the government expenditure multiplier.
[3 marks]Read the following scenario and answer the question: India engages in bilateral trade agreements with ASEAN nations while simultaneously participating in BRICS summits to reform global financial governance. Explain which dual objectives of India's foreign policy are reflected in this diplomatic approach.
[3 marks]Study the sector contribution flowchart below representing an emerging economy and identify the missing sector label (X) that bridges primary resource extraction with final consumer retail services.
[2 marks]The following diagram represents factors influencing foreign policy. Identify the labels: [External Factors] -> (A) -> [Policy Formulation] <- (B) <- [Internal Factors]. If A represents the 'Global Arena' and B represents 'National Interests', describe the interaction.
[3 marks]