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Class 9 · History and Political Science · 10 Aug 2026
Which of the following was a primary objective of the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 in India?
[1 mark]Which factor most significantly constrained industrial expansion in India during the period of 1950–1980?
[2 marks]Match the type of commercial activity in Column A with its correct description in Column B.
[2 marks]| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Wholesale Trade | a. Buying in large quantities from producers and selling to retailers |
| 2. Retail Trade | b. Selling goods directly to the final consumers in small lots |
| 3. Import Trade | c. Purchasing goods from a foreign country for domestic consumption |
| 4. Export Trade | d. Sending domestic goods and merchandise to foreign markets |
Answer: __________________________________________
Match the colonial economic phenomenon with its primary historical consequence in India:
[2 marks]| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Drain of Wealth | a. Transfer of Indian capital to Britain without economic return |
| 2. Railway Expansion | b. Facilitation of raw material export and British manufactured goods import |
| 3. De-industrialization | c. Loss of livelihood for traditional weavers and artisans |
| 4. Commercialization of Agriculture | d. Vulnerability of farmers to global price fluctuations |
Answer: __________________________________________
In international trade documentation, a document issued by the shipping company acknowledging the receipt of cargo on board and containing the terms of carriage is called a _____.
[2 marks]Define the term 'Small Scale Industry' in the context of Indian industrial policy.
[2 marks]State the primary economic objective of constructing the railway network across British India during the 19th century.
[1 mark]Identify any two discriminatory tariff policies implemented by the British colonial administration and state their immediate effect on Indian handicraft industries.
[2 marks]Explain how the introduction of machine-made cotton textiles from Manchester contributed to the ruralization of India in the 19th century.
[3 marks]A regional handloom cooperative in 1870 produced 5,000 yards of fabric per month, generating ₹10,000 in local wages. Following the expansion of railway freight lines that brought cheap Manchester textiles to local markets, monthly local production dropped by 60%, and artisan wages fell proportionally. Calculate the new monthly artisan wage total and explain one broader macroeconomic implication of this shift for the colonial rural economy.
[3 marks]